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Diffstat (limited to 'data/samples/current/en/democratizing_innovation.eric_von_hippel.sst')
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1 files changed, 16 insertions, 17 deletions
diff --git a/data/samples/current/en/democratizing_innovation.eric_von_hippel.sst b/data/samples/current/en/democratizing_innovation.eric_von_hippel.sst index bd46a38..f2fabce 100644 --- a/data/samples/current/en/democratizing_innovation.eric_von_hippel.sst +++ b/data/samples/current/en/democratizing_innovation.eric_von_hippel.sst @@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ Many respondents reported developing or modifying products for their own use in Surgical equipment +1 } -table{~h c4; 20; 45; 15; 20; +table(h; c4: 20, 45, 15, 20){ ~ Number and type of Users Sampled @@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ Morrison, Roberts, and I obtained responses from 102 Australian libraries that w !_ Table 2.2 OPAC modifications created by users served a wide variety of functions. -table{~h c2; 50; 50; +table(h; c2: 50, 50){ Improved library management Improved information-search capabilities @@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ Libraries that had modified their OPAC systems were found to have significantly !_ Table 2.3 Factors associated with innovating in librararies (logit model). χ^{2}^/,{4}, = 33.85; ρ^{2}^ = 0.40; classification rate = 87.78%. -table{~h c3; 40; 30; 30; +table(h; c3: 40, 30, 30){ ~ Coefficient @@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ Franke and Shah found that 23 percent of the user-developed innovations reported !_ Table 2.4 Factors associated with innovation in sports communities. -table{~h c4; 55; 15; 15; 15; +table(h; c4: 55, 15, 15, 15){ ~ Innovators^{a}^ @@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ _* When riding on ice, my bike has no traction and I slip and fall. Solution dev !_ Table 3.1 Activity specializations of innovating mountain bikers. -table{~h c6; 20; 13; 20; 13; 20; 14; +table(h; c6: 20, 13, 20, 13, 20, 14){ Preferred terrain Number of bikers @@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ Recall that it takes some technical skill to modify Apache web server software b !_ Table 3.2 Skilled users who customized their software were more satisfied than those who did not customize. -table{~h c4; 55; 15; 15; 15; +table(h; c4: 55, 15, 15, 15){ ~ Users who customized (n = 18) @@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@ A builder was faced with the immediate problem of how to route wires through the !_ Table 4.1 Users would have found it much more costly to get custom solutions from manufacturers. The costs of user-developed innovations in stressed-skin panels were very low. -table{~h c5; 40; 17; 17; 6; 20; +table(h; c5: 40, 17, 17, 6, 20){ Function Average user development time (days) @@ -1697,7 +1697,7 @@ Users tend to develop innovations that deliver novel functions. % Innovation developed by -table{~h c4; 60; 15; 15; 10; +table(h; c4: 60, 15, 15, 10){ Type of improvement provided by innovation User @@ -1773,7 +1773,7 @@ We asked mountain bikers who had innovated about the sources of the need and sol Innovators tended to use solution information they already had "in stock" to develop their ideas. Tabulated here are innovators' answers to the question "How did you obtain the information needed to develop your solution?" ={ Lüthje, C. } -table{~h c4; 55; 15; 15; 15; +table(h; c4: 55, 15, 15, 15){ . Mean @@ -1921,11 +1921,10 @@ A finding by Lakhani and von Hippel (2003) illustrates the possibility that many Even very specialized information is often widely known. Tabulated here are answers to a question asked of help-line information providers: "How many others do you think knew the answer to the question you answered?" ={ Lakhani, K } -table{~h c3; 40; 30; 30; +table(h; c3: 40, 30, 30){ ~ Frequent providers (n = 21) - Other providers (n = 67) Many @@ -2178,7 +2177,7 @@ User innovation is widely distributed, with few users developing more than one m Number of users developing this number of major innovations -table{~h c7; 30; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 20; +table(h; c7: 30, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 20){ ~ 1 @@ -2399,7 +2398,7 @@ Number of people from whom innovators received assistance. Shah, S. } -table{~h c3; 34; 33; 33; +table(h; c3: 34, 33, 33){ Number of people Number of cases @@ -2443,7 +2442,7 @@ Innovators tended to be the ones assisting others with their innovations (p < 0. Shah, S. } -table{~h c4; 40; 20; 20; 20; +table(h; c4: 40, 20, 20, 20){ ~ Innovators @@ -3113,7 +3112,7 @@ Our research compared all funded product concepts generated by LU and non-LU met !_ Table 10.1 Concepts for new products developed by lead user project teams had far more commercial promise than those developed by non-lead-user project teams. -table{~h c4; 40; 20; 20; 20; +table(h; c4: 40, 20, 20, 20){ ~ LU product concepts (n =5) @@ -3204,7 +3203,7 @@ Following tt, p < 0.005).e advice of 3M divisional controllers, major product li !_ Table 10.2 Lead user project teams developed concepts for major new product lines. Non-lead-user project teams developed concepts for incremental product improvements. -table{~h c3; 34; 33; 33; +table(h; c3: 34, 33, 33){ ~ Incremental product improvements @@ -3253,7 +3252,7 @@ Table 10.3 provides profiles of the five LU major product lines and the 16 non-L !_ Table 10.3 Major new product lines (MNPLs) generated by lead-user methods are similar to MNPLs generated by 3M in the past. -table{~h c4; 55; 15; 15; 15; +table(h; c4: 55, 15, 15, 15){ ~ LU MNPLs (n = 5) |