SISU - MARKUP, RALPH AMISSAH ***************************** SISU MARKUP =========== 1. INTRODUCTION TO SISU MARKUP[^1] ---------------------------------- - [1]: From sometime after SiSU 0.58 it should be possible to describe SiSU markup using SiSU, which though not an original design goal is useful. 1.1 SUMMARY ........... *SiSU* source documents are plaintext (UTF-8)[^2] files - [2]: files should be prepared using UTF-8 character encoding All paragraphs are separated by an empty line. Markup is comprised of: * at the top of a document, the document header made up of semantic meta-data about the document and if desired additional processing instructions (such an instruction to automatically number headings from a particular level down) * followed by the prepared substantive text of which the most important single characteristic is the markup of different heading levels, which define the primary outline of the document structure. Markup of substantive text includes: * heading levels defines document structure * text basic attributes, italics, bold etc. * grouped text (objects), which are to be treated differently, such as code blocks or poems. * footnotes/endnotes * linked text and images * paragraph actions, such as indent, bulleted, numbered-lists, etc. Some interactive help on markup is available, by typing sisu and selecting markup or sisu --help markup 1.2 MARKUP EXAMPLES ................... 1.2.1 ONLINE ............ Online markup examples are available together with the respective outputs produced from or from There is of course this document, which provides a cursory overview of sisu markup and the respective output produced: Some example marked up files are available as html with syntax highlighting for viewing: an alternative presentation of markup syntax: 1.2.2 INSTALLED ............... With *SiSU* installed sample skins may be found in: /usr/share/doc/sisu/sisu_markup_samples/dfsg (or equivalent directory) and if sisu-markup-samples is installed also under: /usr/share/doc/sisu/sisu_markup_samples/non-free 2. MARKUP OF HEADERS -------------------- Headers consist of semantic meta-data about a document, which can be used by any output module of the program; and may in addition include extra processing instructions. Note: the first line of a document may include information on the markup version used in the form of a comment. Comments are a percentage mark at the start of a paragraph (and as the first character in a line of text) followed by a space and the comment: % this would be a comment 2.1 SAMPLE HEADER ................. This current document has a header similar to this one (without the comments): % SiSU 0.57 @title: SiSU @subtitle: Markup @creator: Ralph Amissah @rights: Copyright (C) Ralph Amissah 2007, part of SiSU documentation, License GPL 3 @type: information @subject: ebook, epublishing, electronic book, electronic publishing, electronic document, electronic citation, data structure, citation systems, search @date.created: 2002-08-28 @date.issued: 2002-08-28 @date.available: 2002-08-28 @date.modified: 2007-09-16 @date: 2007-09-16 @level: new=C; break=1; num_top=1 % comment: in this @level header num_top=1 starts automatic heading numbering at heading level 1 (numbering continues 3 levels down); the new and break instructions are used by the LaTeX/pdf and odf output to determine where to put page breaks (that are not used by html output or say sql database population). @skin: skin_sisu_manual % skins modify the appearance of a document and are placed in a sub-directory under ./_sisu/skin ~/.sisu/skin or /etc/sisu/skin. A skin may affect single documents that request them, all documents in a directory, or be site-wide. (A document is affected by a single skin) @bold: /Gnu|Debian|Ruby|SiSU/ @links: { SiSU Manual }http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/sisu_manual/ { Book Samples and Markup Examples }http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/SiSU/2.html { SiSU @ Wikipedia }http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SiSU { SiSU @ Freshmeat }http://freshmeat.net/projects/sisu/ { SiSU @ Ruby Application Archive }http://raa.ruby-lang.org/project/sisu/ { SiSU @ Debian }http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sisu.html { SiSU Download }http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/SiSU/download.html { SiSU Changelog }http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/SiSU/changelog.html 2.2 AVAILABLE HEADERS ..................... Header tags appear at the beginning of a document and provide meta information on the document (such as the Dublin Core), or information as to how the document as a whole is to be processed. All header instructions take either the form @headername: or 0~headername. All Dublin Core meta tags are available *@indentifier:* information or instructions where the "identifier" is a tag recognised by the program, and the "information" or "instructions" belong to the tag/indentifier specified Note: a header where used should only be used once; all headers apart from @title: are optional; the @structure: header is used to describe document structure, and can be useful to know. This is a sample header *% SiSU 0.38* [declared file-type identifier with markup version] *@title:* [title text] This is the title of the document and used as such, this header is the only one that is _mandatory_ *@subtitle:* The Subtitle if any *@creator:* [or @author:] Name of Author *@subject:* (whatever your subject) *@description:* *@publisher:* *@contributor:* *@translator:* [or @translated_by:] *@illustrator:* [or @illustrated_by:] *@prepared_by:* [or @digitized_by:] *@date: 2000-08-27* [ also @date.created: @date.issued: @date.available: @date.valid: @date.modified: ] *@type: article* *@format:* *@identifier:* *@source:* *@language:* [or @language.document:] [country code for language if available, or language, English, en is the default setting] (en - English, fr - French, de - German, it - Italian, es - Spanish, pt - Portuguese, sv - Swedish, da - Danish, fi - Finnish, no - Norwegian, is - Icelandic, nl - Dutch, et - Estonian, hu - Hungarian, pl - Polish, ro - Romanian, ru - Russian, el - Greek, uk - Ukranian, tr - Turkish, sk - Slovak, sl - Slovenian, hr - Croatian, cs - Czech, bg - Bul garian ) [however, encodings are not available for all of the languages listed.] [@language.original: original language in which the work was published] *@papersize:* (A4|US_letter|book_B5|book_A5|US_legal) *@relation:* *@coverage:* *@rights:* Copyright (c) Name of Right Holder, all rights reserved, or as granted: public domain, copyleft, creative commons variant, etc. *@owner:* *@keywords:* text document generation processing management latex pdf structured xml citation [your keywords here, used for example by rss feeds, and in sql searches] *@abstract:* [paper abstract, placed after table of contents] *@comment:* [...] *@catalogue:* loc=[Library of Congress classification]; dewey=[Dewey classification]; isbn=[ISBN]; pg=[Project Gutenberg text number] *@classify_loc:* [Library of Congress classification] *@classify_dewey:* [Dewey classification] *@classify_isbn:* [ISBN] *@classify_pg:* [Project Gutenberg text number] *@prefix:* [prefix is placed just after table of contents] *@prefix_a:* [prefix is placed just before table of contents - not implemented] *@prefix_b:* *@rcs:* $Id: sisu_markup.sst,v 1.2 2007/09/08 17:12:47 ralph Exp $ [used by rcs or cvs to embed version (revision control) information into document, rcs or cvs can usefully provide a history of updates to a document ] *@structure:* PART; CHAPTER; SECTION; ARTICLE; none; none; optional, document structure can be defined by words to match or regular expression (the regular expression is assumed to start at the beginning of a line of text i.e. ^) default markers :A~ to :C~ and 1~ to 6~ can be used within text instead, without this header tag, and may be used to supplement the instructions provided in this header tag if provided (@structure: is a synonym for @toc:) *@level:* newpage=3; breakpage=4 [paragraph level, used by latex to breakpages, the page is optional eg. in newpage] *@markup:* information on the markup used, e.g. new=1,2,3; break=4; num_top=4 [or newpage=1,2,3; breakpage=4; num_top=4] newpage and breakpage, heading level, used by LaTeX to breakpages. breakpage: starts on a new page in single column text and on a new column in double column text; newpage: starts on a new page for both single and double column texts. num_top=4 [auto-number document, starting at level 4. the default is to provide 3 levels, as in 1 level 4, 1.1 level 5, 1.1.1 level 6, markup to be merged within level] num_extract [take numbering of headings provided (manually in marked up source document), and use for numbering of segments. Available where a clear numbering structure is provided within document, without the repetition of a number in a header.] [In 0.38 notation, you would map to the equivalent levels, the examples provided would map to the following new=A,B,C; break=1; num_top=1 [or newpage=A,B,C; breakpage=1; num_top=1] see headings] *@bold:* [regular expression of words/phrases to be made bold] *@italics:* [regular expression of words/phrases to italicise] *@vocabulary:* name of taxonomy/vocabulary/wordlist to use against document *@skin:* skin_doc_[name_of_desired_document_skin] skins change default settings related to the appearance of documents generated, such as the urls of the home site, and the icon/logo for the document or site. *@links:* { *SiSU* }http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/; { FSF }http://www.fsf.org *@promo:* sisu, ruby, search_libre_docs, open_society [places content in right pane in html, makes use of list.yml and promo.yml, commented out sample in document sample: free_as_in_freedom.richard_stallman_crusade_for_free_software.sam_williams.sst] 3. MARKUP OF SUBSTANTIVE TEXT ----------------------------- 3.1 HEADING LEVELS .................. Heading levels are :A~ ,:B~ ,:C~ ,1~ ,2~ ,3~ ... :A - :C being part / section headings, followed by other heading levels, and 1 -6 being headings followed by substantive text or sub-headings. :A~ usually the title :A~? conditional level 1 heading (used where a stand-alone document may be imported into another) *:A~ [heading text]* Top level heading [this usually has similar content to the title @title: ] NOTE: the heading levels described here are in 0.38 notation, see heading *:B~ [heading text]* Second level heading [this is a heading level divider] *:C~ [heading text]* Third level heading [this is a heading level divider] *1~ [heading text]* Top level heading preceding substantive text of document or sub-heading 2, the heading level that would normally be marked 1. or 2. or 3. etc. in a document, and the level on which sisu by default would break html output into named segments, names are provided automatically if none are given (a number), otherwise takes the form 1~my_filename_for_this_segment *2~ [heading text]* Second level heading preceding substantive text of document or sub-heading 3, the heading level that would normally be marked 1.1 or 1.2 or 1.3 or 2.1 etc. in a document. *3~ [heading text]* Third level heading preceding substantive text of document, that would normally be marked 1.1.1 or 1.1.2 or 1.2.1 or 2.1.1 etc. in a document 1~filename level 1 heading, % the primary division such as Chapter that is followed by substantive text, and may be further subdivided (this is the level on which by default html segments are made) 3.2 FONT ATTRIBUTES ................... *markup example:* normal text !{emphasis}! *{bold text}* _{underscore}_ /{italics}/ "{citation}" ^{superscript}^ ,{subscript}, +{inserted text}+ normal text !{emphasis}! *{bold text}* _{underscore} /{italics}/ "{citation}" ^{superscript}^ ,{subscript}, +{inserted text}+ -{strikethrough}- *resulting output:* normal text emphasis *bold text* _underscore_ /italics/ citation ^superscript^ [subscript] inserted text strikethrough normal text emphasis *bold text* _underscore_ /italics/ citation ^superscript^ [subscript] inserted text strikethrough 3.3 INDENTATION AND BULLETS ........................... *markup example:* ordinary paragraph _1 indent paragraph one step _2 indent paragraph two steps _9 indent paragraph nine steps *resulting output:* ordinary paragraph indent paragraph one step indent paragraph two steps indent paragraph nine steps *markup example:* * bullet text _1* bullet text, first indent _2* bullet text, two step indent *resulting output:* * bullet text * bullet text, first indent * bullet text, two step indent Numbered List (not to be confused with headings/titles, (document structure)) *markup example:* # numbered list numbered list 1., 2., 3, etc. _# numbered list numbered list indented a., b., c., d., etc. 3.4 FOOTNOTES / ENDNOTES ........................ Footnotes and endnotes not distinguished in markup. They are automatically numbered. Depending on the output file format (html, odf, pdf etc.), the document output selected will have either footnotes or endnotes. *markup example:* ~{ a footnote or endnote }~ *resulting output:* [^3] - [3]: a footnote or endnote *markup example:* normal text~{ self contained endnote marker & endnote in one }~ continues *resulting output:* normal text[^4] continues - [4]: self contained endnote marker & endnote in one *markup example:* normal text ~{* unnumbered asterisk footnote/endnote, insert multiple asterisks if required }~ continues normal text ~{** another unnumbered asterisk footnote/endnote }~ continues *resulting output:* normal text [^*] continues - [*]: unnumbered asterisk footnote/endnote, insert multiple asterisks if required normal text [^**] continues - [**]: another unnumbered asterisk footnote/endnote *markup example:* normal text ~[* editors notes, numbered asterisk footnote/endnote series ]~ continues normal text ~[+ editors notes, numbered asterisk footnote/endnote series ]~ continues *resulting output:* normal text [^*1] continues - [*1]: editors notes, numbered asterisk footnote/endnote series normal text [^+1] continues - [+1]: editors notes, numbered asterisk footnote/endnote series *Alternative endnote pair notation for footnotes/endnotes:* % note the endnote marker "~^" normal text~^ continues ^~ endnote text following the paragraph in which the marker occurs the standard and pair notation cannot be mixed in the same document 3.5 LINKS ......... 3.5.1 NAKED URLS WITHIN TEXT, DEALING WITH URLS ............................................... urls are found within text and marked up automatically. A url within text is automatically hyperlinked to itself and by default decorated with angled braces, unless they are contained within a code block (in which case they are passed as normal text), or escaped by a preceding underscore (in which case the decoration is omitted). *markup example:* normal text http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu continues *resulting output:* normal text continues An escaped url without decoration *markup example:* normal text http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu continues deb http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/archive unstable main non-free *resulting output:* normal text http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu continues deb http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/archive unstable main non-free where a code block is used there is neither decoration nor hyperlinking, code blocks are discussed later in this document *resulting output:* deb http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/archive unstable main non-free deb-src http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/archive unstable main non-free To link text or an image to a url the markup is as follows *markup example:* about { SiSU }http://url.org markup 3.5.2 LINKING TEXT .................. *resulting output:* about SiSU [link:] markup A shortcut notation is available so the url link may also be provided automatically as a footnote *markup example:* about {~^ SiSU }http://url.org markup *resulting output:* about SiSU [link:] [^5] markup - [5]: 3.5.3 LINKING IMAGES .................... *markup example:* [ tux.png ] % various url linked images [ tux.png ] [ GnuDebianLinuxRubyBetterWay.png ] {~^ ruby_logo.png "Ruby" }http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/ *resulting output:* tux.png 64x80 [link:] image tux.png 64x80 "Gnu/Linux - a better way" [link:] [ ruby_logo (png missing) ] [^6] - [6]: GnuDebianLinuxRubyBetterWay.png 100x101 "Way Better - with Gnu/Linux, Debian and Ruby" [link:] *linked url footnote shortcut* {~^ [text to link] }http://url.org % maps to: { [text to link] }http://url.org ~{ http://url.org }~ % which produces hyper-linked text within a document/paragraph, with an endnote providing the url for the text location used in the hyperlink text marker *~name note at a heading level the same is automatically achieved by providing names to headings 1, 2 and 3 i.e. 2~[name] and 3~[name] or in the case of auto-heading numbering, without further intervention. 3.6 GROUPED TEXT ................ 3.6.1 TABLES ............ Tables may be prepared in two either of two forms *markup example:* table{ c3; 40; 30; 30; This is a table this would become column two of row one column three of row one is here And here begins another row column two of row two column three of row two, and so on }table *resulting output:* [table omitted, see other document formats] a second form may be easier to work with in cases where there is not much information in each column *markup example:*[^7] - [7]: Table from the Wealth of Networks by Yochai Benkler - !_ Table 3.1: Contributors to Wikipedia, January 2001 - June 2005 {table~h 24; 12; 12; 12; 12; 12; 12;} |Jan. 2001|Jan. 2002|Jan. 2003|Jan. 2004|July 2004|June 2006 Contributors* | 10| 472| 2,188| 9,653| 25,011| 48,721 Active contributors** | 9| 212| 846| 3,228| 8,442| 16,945 Very active contributors*** | 0| 31| 190| 692| 1,639| 3,016 No. of English language articles| 25| 16,000| 101,000| 190,000| 320,000| 630,000 No. of articles, all languages | 25| 19,000| 138,000| 490,000| 862,000|1,600,000 \* Contributed at least ten times; \** at least 5 times in last month; \*\** more than 100 times in last month. *resulting output:* *Table 3.1: Contributors to Wikipedia, January 2001 - June 2005* [table omitted, see other document formats] * Contributed at least ten times; ** at least 5 times in last month; *** more than 100 times in last month. 3.6.2 POEM .......... *basic markup:* poem{ Your poem here }poem Each verse in a poem is given a separate object number. *markup example:* poem{ 'Fury said to a mouse, That he met in the house, "Let us both go to law: I will prosecute YOU. --Come, I'll take no denial; We must have a trial: For really this morning I've nothing to do." Said the mouse to the cur, "Such a trial, dear Sir, With no jury or judge, would be wasting our breath." "I'll be judge, I'll be jury," Said cunning old Fury: "I'll try the whole cause, and condemn you to death."' }poem *resulting output:* 'Fury said to a mouse, That he met in the house, "Let us both go to law: I will prosecute YOU. --Come, I'll take no denial; We must have a trial: For really this morning I've nothing to do." Said the mouse to the cur, "Such a trial, dear Sir, With no jury or judge, would be wasting our breath." "I'll be judge, I'll be jury," Said cunning old Fury: "I'll try the whole cause, and condemn you to death."' 3.6.3 GROUP ........... *basic markup:* group{ Your grouped text here }group A group is treated as an object and given a single object number. *markup example:* group{ 'Fury said to a mouse, That he met in the house, "Let us both go to law: I will prosecute YOU. --Come, I'll take no denial; We must have a trial: For really this morning I've nothing to do." Said the mouse to the cur, "Such a trial, dear Sir, With no jury or judge, would be wasting our breath." "I'll be judge, I'll be jury," Said cunning old Fury: "I'll try the whole cause, and condemn you to death."' }group *resulting output:* 'Fury said to a mouse, That he met in the house, "Let us both go to law: I will prosecute YOU. --Come, I'll take no denial; We must have a trial: For really this morning I've nothing to do." Said the mouse to the cur, "Such a trial, dear Sir, With no jury or judge, would be wasting our breath." "I'll be judge, I'll be jury," Said cunning old Fury: "I'll try the whole cause, and condemn you to death."' 3.6.4 CODE .......... Code tags are used to escape regular sisu markup, and have been used extensively within this document to provide examples of *SiSU* markup. You cannot however use code tags to escape code tags. They are however used in the same way as group or poem tags. A code-block is treated as an object and given a single object number. [an option to number each line of code may be considered at some later time] *use of code tags instead of poem compared, resulting output:* 'Fury said to a mouse, That he met in the house, "Let us both go to law: I will prosecute YOU. --Come, I'll take no denial; We must have a trial: For really this morning I've nothing to do." Said the mouse to the cur, "Such a trial, dear Sir, With no jury or judge, would be wasting our breath." "I'll be judge, I'll be jury," Said cunning old Fury: "I'll try the whole cause, and condemn you to death."' 4. COMPOSITE DOCUMENTS MARKUP ----------------------------- It is possible to build a document by creating a master document that requires other documents. The documents required may be complete documents that could be generated independently, or they could be markup snippets, prepared so as to be easily available to be placed within another text. If the calling document is a master document (built from other documents), it should be named with the suffix *.ssm* Within this document you would provide information on the other documents that should be included within the text. These may be other documents that would be processed in a regular way, or markup bits prepared only for inclusion within a master document *.sst* regular markup file, or *.ssi* (insert/information) A secondary file of the composite document is built prior to processing with the same prefix and the suffix *._sst* basic markup for importing a document into a master document << |filename1.sst|@|^| << |filename2.ssi|@|^| The form described above should be relied on. Within the Vim editor it results in the text thus linked becoming hyperlinked to the document it is calling in which is convenient for editing. Alternative markup for importation of documents under consideration, and occasionally supported have been. r{filename} {filename.ssi}require << {filename.ssi} % using textlink alternatives |filename.ssi|@|^|require << |filename.ssi|@|^| % using thlnk alternatives require << MARKUP SYNTAX HISTORY ===================== 5. NOTES RELATED TO FILES-TYPES AND MARKUP SYNTAX ------------------------------------------------- 0.38 is substantially current, depreciated 0.16 supported, though file names were changed at 0.37 *0.52* (2007w14/6) declared document type identifier at start of text/document: *SiSU* 0.52 or, backward compatible using the comment marker: % *SiSU* 0.38 variations include '*SiSU* (text|master|insert) [version]' and 'sisu-[version]' *0.51* (2007w13/6) skins changed (simplified), markup unchanged *0.42* (2006w27/4) * (asterisk) type endnotes, used e.g. in relation to author *0.38* (2006w15/7) introduced new/alternative notation for headers, e.g. @title: (instead of 0~title), and accompanying document structure markup, :A,:B,:C,1,2,3 (maps to previous 1,2,3,4,5,6) *0.37* (2006w09/7) introduced new file naming convention, .sst (text), .ssm (master), .ssi (insert), markup syntax unchanged *0.35* (2005w52/3) sisupod, zipped content file introduced *0.23* (2005w36/2) utf-8 for markup file *0.22* (2005w35/3) image dimensions may be omitted if rmagick is available to be relied upon *0.20.4* (2005w33/4) header 0~links *0.16* (2005w25/2) substantial changes introduced to make markup cleaner, header 0~title type, and headings [1-6]~ introduced, also percentage sign (%) at start of a text line as comment marker DOCUMENT INFORMATION (METADATA) ******************************* METADATA -------- Document Manifest @ *Dublin Core* (DC) /DC tags included with this document are provided here./ DC Title: _SiSU - Markup_ DC Creator: _Ralph Amissah_ DC Rights: _Copyright (C) Ralph Amissah 2007, part of SiSU documentation, License GPL 3_ DC Type: _information_ DC Date created: _2002-08-28_ DC Date issued: _2002-08-28_ DC Date available: _2002-08-28_ DC Date modified: _2007-09-16_ DC Date: _2007-09-16_ *Version Information* Sourcefile: _sisu_markup.sst_ Filetype: _SiSU text 0.58_ Sourcefile Digest, MD5(sisu_markup.sst)= _6848f40f5844e0a7d59dbb86b3ddae92_ Skin_Digest: MD5(/home/ralph/grotto/theatre/dbld/sisu-dev/sisu/data/doc/sisu/sisu_markup_samples/sisu_manual/_sisu/skin/doc/skin_sisu_manual.rb)= _20fc43cf3eb6590bc3399a1aef65c5a9_ *Generated* Document (metaverse) last generated: _Mon Sep 24 15:32:23 +0100 2007_ Generated by: _SiSU_ _0.59.0_ of 2007w38/0 (2007-09-23) Ruby version: _ ruby 1.8.6 (2007-06-07 patchlevel 36) [i486-linux]_ ============================================================================== title: SiSU - Markup creator: Ralph Amissah rights: Copyright (C) Ralph Amissah 2007, part of SiSU documentation, License GPL 3 type: information subject: ebook, epublishing, electronic book, electronic publishing, electronic document, electronic citation, data structure, citation systems, search date.created: 2002-08-28 date.issued: 2002-08-28 date.available: 2002-08-28 date.modified: 2007-09-16 date: 2007-09-16 ============================================================================== nil Other versions of this document: manifest: http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/sisu_markup/sisu_manifest.html html: http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/sisu_markup/toc.html pdf: http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/sisu_markup/portrait.pdf http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/sisu_markup/landscape.pdf plaintext (plain text): http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu/sisu_markup/plain.txt at: http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu * Generated by: SiSU 0.59.0 of 2007w38/0 (2007-09-23) * Ruby version: ruby 1.8.6 (2007-06-07 patchlevel 36) [i486-linux] * Last Generated on: Mon Sep 24 15:32:48 +0100 2007 * SiSU http://www.jus.uio.no/sisu