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@@ -3925,439 +3925,654 @@ In this book I have explored how and why users, individually and in firms and in
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-=======
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->>>>>>> 3c47a03... democratizing innovation, minor fixes
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+!_ Tedd, L. A.
+1994. "OPACs through the Ages." /{Library Review}/ 43, no. 4: 27--37.
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+!_ Teece, D. J.
+1977. "Technology Transfer by Multinational Firms: The Resource Cost of Transferring Technological Know-How." /{Economic Journal}/ 87: 242--261.
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+!_ Thomke, S. H.
+1998. "Managing Experimentation in the Design of New Products." /{Management Science}/ 44, no. 6: 743--762.
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+!_ Thomke, S. H.
+2003. /{Experimentation Matters}/. Harvard Business School Press.
-Thomke, S. H. 2003. /{Experimentation Matters}/. Harvard Business School Press.
+!_ Thomke, S. H., and E. von Hippel.
+2002. "Customers as Innovators: A New Way to Create Value." /{Harvard Business Review}/ 80, no. 4: 74--81.
-Thomke, S. H., and E. von Hippel. 2002. "Customers as Innovators: A New Way to Create Value." /{Harvard Business Review}/ 80, no. 4: 74--81.
+!_ Thomke, S. H., E. von Hippel, and R. Franke.
+1998. "Modes of Experimentation: An Innovation Process---and Competitive---Variable." /{Research Policy}/ 27, no. 3: 315--332.
-Thomke, S. H., E. von Hippel, and R. Franke. 1998. "Modes of Experimentation: An Innovation Process---and Competitive---Variable." /{Research Policy}/ 27, no. 3: 315--332.
+!_ Tirole, J.
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+!_ Tull, D.
+1967. "The Relationship of Actual and Predicted Sales and Profits in New Product Introductions." /{Journal of Business}/ 40: 233--250.
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+!_ Tyre, M., and E. von Hippel.
+1997. "Locating Adaptive Learning: The Situated Nature of Adaptive Learning in Organizations." /{Organization Science}/ 8, no. 1: 71--83.
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+!_ Urban, G. L., and E. von Hippel.
+1988. "Lead User Analyses for the Development of New Industrial Products." /{Management Science}/ 34, no. 5: 569--82.
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+!_ Utterback, J. M., and W. J. Abernathy.
+1975. "A Dynamic Model of Process and Product Innovation." /{Omega 3}/, no. 6: 639--656.
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+!_ van der Plas, R., and C. Kelly.
+1998. /{The Original Mountain Bike Book}/. MBI.
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+!_ Varian, H. R.
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+!_ von Hippel, E.
+1976. "The Dominant Role of Users in the Scientific Instrument Innovation Process." /{Research Policy}/ 5, no. 3: 212--39.
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+!_ von Hippel, E.
+1977. "Transferring Process Equipment Innovations from User-Innovators to Equipment Manufacturing Firms." /{R&D Management}/ 8, no. 1:13--22.
-von Hippel, E. 1977. "Transferring Process Equipment Innovations from User-Innovators to Equipment Manufacturing Firms." /{R&D Management}/ 8, no. 1:13--22.
+!_ von Hippel, E.
+1986. "Lead Users: A Source of Novel Product Concepts." /{Management Science}/ 32, no. 7: 791--805.
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+!_ von Hippel, E.
+1988. /{The Sources of Innovation}/. Oxford University Press.
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+!_ von Hippel, E.
+1994. "Sticky Information and the Locus of Problem Solving: Implications for Innovation." /{Management Science}/ 40, no. 4: 429--439.
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+!_ von Hippel, E.
+1998. "Economics of Product Development by Users: The Impact of Sticky Local Information." /{Management Science}/ 44, no. 5: 629--644.
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+!_ von Hippel, E.
+2001. "Perspective: User Toolkits for Innovation." /{Journal of Product Innovation Management}/ 18: 247--257.
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+!_ von Hippel, E., and S. N. Finkelstein.
+1979. "Analysis of Innovation in Automated Clinical Chemistry Analyzers." /{Science and Public Policy}/ 6, no. 1: 24--37.
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+!_ von Hippel, E., N. Franke, and R. Prügl.
+2005. Screening vs. Pyramiding. Working paper, MIT Sloan School of Management.
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+!_ von Hippel, E., and R. Katz.
+2002. "Shifting Innovation to Users via Toolkits." /{Management Science}/ 48, no. 7: 821--833.
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+!_ von Hippel, E., S. H. Thomke, and M. Sonnack.
+1999. "Creating Breakthroughs at 3M." /{Harvard Business Review}/ 77, no. 5: 47--57.
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+!_ von Hippel, E., and M. Tyre.
+1995. "How `Learning by Doing' is Done: Problem Identification in Novel Process Equipment." /{Research Policy}/ 24, no. 1: 1--12.
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+!_ von Hippel, E., and G. von Krogh.
+2003. "Open Source Software and the "Private-Collective" Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science." /{Organization Science}/ 14, no. 2: 209--223.
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+!_ von Krogh, G., and S. Spaeth.
+2002. Joining, Specialization, and Innovation in Open Source Software Development. Working paper, University of St. Gallen.
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+!_ von Krogh, G., S. Haefliger and S. Spaeth.
+2004. The Practice of Knowledge Reuse in Open Source Software. Working paper, University of St. Gallen.
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+!_ Wellman, B., J. Boase, and W. Chen.
+2002. The Networked Nature of Community On and Off the Internet. Working paper, Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto.
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+!_ Wenger, E.
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+!_ Wayner, P.
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+!_ Weber, S.
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+!_ Willis, K. G., and N. A. Powe.
+1998. "Contingent Valuation and Real Economic Commitments: A Private Good Experiment." /{Journal of Environmental Planning and Management}/ 41, no. 5: 611--619.
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+!_ Wind, Y.
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+!_ Winter, S. G., and G. Szulanski.
+2001. "Replication as Strategy." /{Organization Science}/ 12, no. 6: 730--743.
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+!_ Young, G., K. G. Smith, and C. M. Grimm.
+1996. "Austrian and Industrial Organization Perspectives on Firm Level Competitive Activity and Performance." /{Organization Science}/ 7, no. 3: 243--254.
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+--+#
%% index di.eric_von_hippel_index.txt democratizing_innovation.eric_von_hippel_index.txt
diff --git a/data/samples/current/en/two_bits.christopher_kelty.sst b/data/samples/current/en/two_bits.christopher_kelty.sst
index dea81c8..92b05e7 100644
--- a/data/samples/current/en/two_bits.christopher_kelty.sst
+++ b/data/samples/current/en/two_bits.christopher_kelty.sst
@@ -4446,63 +4446,92 @@ Understanding how Free Software works and how it has developed along with the In
% ,{[pg 349]},
-Abbate, Janet. Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1999.
+--~#
-Abbate, Janet, and Brian Kahin, eds. Standards Policy for Information Infrastructure. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995.
+!_ Abbate, Janet.
+Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1999.
-Abelson, Harold, and Gerald J. Sussman. The Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985.
+!_ Abbate, Janet, and Brian Kahin, eds.
+Standards Policy for Information Infrastructure. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995.
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+!_ Abelson, Harold, and Gerald J. Sussman.
+The Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985.
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+!_ Akera, Atsushi.
+"Volunteerism and the Fruits of Collaboration: The IBM User Group SHARE." Technology and Culture 42.4 (October 2001): 710-736.
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+!_ Akera, Atsushi, and Frederik Nebeker, eds.
+From 0 to 1: An Authoritative History of Modern Computing. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
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+!_ Anderson, Benedict.
+Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983.
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+!_ Anderson, Jane, and Kathy Bowery.
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-Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition. 2d ed. University of Chicago Press, 1958.
+!_ Aneesh, A.
+Virtual Migration: The Programming of Globalization. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2006. ,{[pg 350]},
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+!_ Arendt, Hannah.
+The Human Condition. 2d ed. University of Chicago Press, 1958.
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+!_ Balkin, Jack.
+Cultural Software: A Theory of Ideology. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1998.
-Barbrook, Richard, and Andy Cameron. "The California Ideology." Science as Culture 26 (1996): 44-72.
+!_ Baraniuk, Richard, and W. Joseph King.
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-Bardini, Thierry. Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Co-evolution and the Origins of Personal Computing. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.
+!_ Barbrook, Richard, and Andy Cameron.
+"The California Ideology." Science as Culture 26 (1996): 44-72.
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+!_ Bardini, Thierry.
+Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Co-evolution and the Origins of Personal Computing. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.
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+!_ Barlow, John Perry.
+"The Economy of Ideas." Wired 2.3 (March 1994).
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+!_ Barry, Andrew.
+Political Machines: Governing a Technological Society. London: Athlone Press, 2001.
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+!_ Battaglia, Deborah.
+"‘For Those Who Are Not Afraid of the Future’: Raëlian Clonehood in the Public Sphere." In E.T. Culture: Anthropology in Outerspaces, ed. Deborah Battaglia, 149-79. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2005.
+
+!_ Benkler, Yochai.
+"Coase’s Penguin, or Linux and the Nature of the Firm." Yale Law Journal 112.3 (2002): 369-446.
———. "Sharing Nicely: On Shareable Goods and the Emergence of Sharing as a Modality of Economic Production." Yale Law Journal 114.2 (2004): 273-358.
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+!_ Bergin, Thomas J., Jr., and Richard G. Gibson Jr., eds.
+History of Programming Languages 2. New York: Association for Computing Machinery Press, 1996.
-Berners-Lee, Tim, with Mark Fischetti. Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Its Inventor. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1999.
+!_ Berners-Lee, Tim, with Mark Fischetti.
+Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Its Inventor. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1999.
-Biagioli, Mario. Galileo, Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
+!_ Biagioli, Mario. Galileo,
+Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
-Boczkowski, Pablo. Digitizing the News: Innovation in Online Newspapers. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004.
+!_ Boczkowski, Pablo.
+Digitizing the News: Innovation in Online Newspapers. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004.
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+!_ Bollier, David.
+Silent Theft: The Private Plunder of Our Common Wealth. New York: Routledge, 2002.
-Bornstein, George, and Ralph G. Williams, eds. Palimpsest: Editorial Theory in the Humanities. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993. ,{[pg 351]},
+!_ Bornstein, George, and Ralph G. Williams, eds.
+Palimpsest: Editorial Theory in the Humanities. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993. ,{[pg 351]},
-Borsook, Paulina. Cyberselfish: A Critical Romp through the Terribly Libertarian Culture of High Tech. New York: Public Affairs, 2000.
+!_ Borsook, Paulina.
+Cyberselfish: A Critical Romp through the Terribly Libertarian Culture of High Tech. New York: Public Affairs, 2000.
-Bowker, Geoffrey. Memory Practices in the Sciences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.
+!_ Bowker, Geoffrey.
+Memory Practices in the Sciences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.
-Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Susan Leigh Star. Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.
+!_ Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Susan Leigh Star.
+Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.
-Boyle, James. "Conservatives and Intellectual Property." Engage 1 (April 2000): 83. http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/Federalist.htm.
+!_ Boyle, James.
+"Conservatives and Intellectual Property." Engage 1 (April 2000): 83. http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/Federalist.htm.
———. "Mertonianism Unbound? Imagining Free, Decentralized Access to Most Cultural and Scientific Material." In Understanding Knowledge as a Common: From Theory to Practice, ed. Charlotte Hess and Elinor Ostrom, 123-44. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006. http://www.james-boyle.com/mertonianism.pdf.
@@ -4512,277 +4541,387 @@ Boyle, James. "Conservatives and Intellectual Property." Engage 1 (April 2000):
———. "The Second Enclosure Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain." In James Boyle, ed., "The Public Domain," special issue, Law and Contemporary Problems 66.1-2 (winter-spring 2003): 33-74.
-Brock, Gerald. The Second Information Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.
+!_ Brock, Gerald.
+The Second Information Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.
-Brooks, Frederick. The Mythical Man-month: Essays on Software Engineering. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1975.
+!_ Brooks, Frederick.
+The Mythical Man-month: Essays on Software Engineering. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1975.
-Brown, Michael. "Heritage as Property." In Property in Question: Value Transformation in the Global Economy, ed. Katherine Verdery and Caroline Humphrey, 49-68. Oxford: Berg, 2004.
+!_ Brown, Michael.
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———. Who Owns Native Culture? Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.
-Calhoun, Craig, ed. Habermas and the Public Sphere. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992.
+!_ Calhoun, Craig, ed.
+Habermas and the Public Sphere. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992.
-Callon, Michel. The Laws of the Markets. London: Blackwell, 1998.
+!_ Callon, Michel.
+The Laws of the Markets. London: Blackwell, 1998.
———. "Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay." In Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge, ed. John Law, 196-233. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986.
-Callon, Michel, Cécile Méadel, and Vololona Rabeharisoa. "The Economy of Qualities." Economy and Society 31.2 (May 2002): 194-217.
+!_ Callon, Michel, Cécile Méadel, and Vololona Rabeharisoa.
+"The Economy of Qualities." Economy and Society 31.2 (May 2002): 194-217.
-Campbell-Kelly, Martin. From Airline Reservations to Sonic the Hedgehog: A History of the Software Industry. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003. ,{[pg 352]},
+!_ Campbell-Kelly, Martin.
+From Airline Reservations to Sonic the Hedgehog: A History of the Software Industry. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003. ,{[pg 352]},
-Campbell-Kelly, Martin, and William Aspray. Computer: A History of the Information Machine. New York: Basic Books, 1996.
+!_ Campbell-Kelly, Martin, and William Aspray.
+Computer: A History of the Information Machine. New York: Basic Books, 1996.
-Carrington, Paul D., and Erika King. "Law and the Wisconsin Idea." Journal of Legal Education 47 (1997): 297.
+!_ Carrington, Paul D., and Erika King.
+"Law and the Wisconsin Idea." Journal of Legal Education 47 (1997): 297.
-Castells, Manuel. The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
+!_ Castells, Manuel.
+The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
———. The Rise of the Network Society. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1996.
-Castoriadis, Cornelius. The Imaginary Institution of Society. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987.
+!_ Castoriadis, Cornelius.
+The Imaginary Institution of Society. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987.
-Cerf, Vinton G., and Robert Kahn. "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection." IEEE Transactions on Communications 22.5 (May 1974): 637-48.
+!_ Cerf, Vinton G., and Robert Kahn.
+"A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection." IEEE Transactions on Communications 22.5 (May 1974): 637-48.
-Chadwick, Owen. The Early Reformation on the Continent. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
+!_ Chadwick, Owen.
+The Early Reformation on the Continent. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
-Chan, Anita. "Coding Free Software, Coding Free States: Free Software Legislation and the Politics of Code in Peru." Anthropological Quarterly 77.3 (summer 2004): 531-45.
+!_ Chan, Anita.
+"Coding Free Software, Coding Free States: Free Software Legislation and the Politics of Code in Peru." Anthropological Quarterly 77.3 (summer 2004): 531-45.
-Chartier, Roger. The Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.
+!_ Chartier, Roger.
+The Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.
———. The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Trans. Lydia G. Cochrane. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1994.
-Chatterjee, Partha. "A Response to Taylor’s ‘Modes of Civil Society.’" Public Culture 3.1 (1990): 120-21.
+!_ Chatterjee, Partha.
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+!_ Christen, Kim.
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+The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.
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+!_ Chun, Wendy Hui Kyong.
+Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.
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+!_ Clark, David.
+"The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols." 1988. In Computer Communications: Architectures, Protocols, and Standards, 3d ed., ed. William Stallings, 54-62. Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992.
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+!_ Cohen, Julie, Lydia Pallas Loren, Ruth Gana Okediji, and Maureen O’Rourke, eds.
+Copyright in a Global Information Economy. Aspen, Colo.: Aspen Law and Business Publishers, 2001. ,{[pg 353]},
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+!_ Coleman, E. Gabriella.
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———. "The Social Construction of Freedom: Hackers, Ethics and the Liberal Tradition." Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 2005.
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+!_ Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff.
+Ethnography and the Historical Imagination. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1992.
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+!_ Comer, Douglas E.
+Internetworking with TCP/IP. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2000.
———. Operating System Design. 1st ed. 2 vols. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1984.
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+!_ Coombe, Rosemary, and Andrew Herman.
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———. "Your Second Life? Goodwill and the Performativity of Intellectual Property in Online Digital Gaming." Cultural Studies 20.2-3 (March-May 2006): 184-210.
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@@ -4792,21 +4931,28 @@ Latour, Bruno. "Drawing Things Together." In Representation in Scientific Practi
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@@ -4844,129 +5000,182 @@ Mahoney, Michael. "Finding a History for Software Engineering." Annals of the Hi
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+--+#
:B~ Acknowledgement